Medical Science

Question: How essay focus on the use of artificial intelligence in the field medical science? Answer: The essay focuses on the use of artificial intelligence in the field medical science and the possible threats it might possess to the human kind through the big picture approach and adhere to the ethical aspect of the matter. Artificial intelligence is a term coined by John McCarthy, which is related to science and refers to intelligent agents that imitate the human gestures and rationale thinking of human in a given environment. Artificial intelligence has achieved specialisation in the following fields- computers that comprehend human languages, programs that can take a human like decision in real life situation and games which allow humans to play against computers (Nilsson, 2014). Though artificial intelligence has evolved and come long ways since the term was coined yet, there are ethical issues arises when artificial intelligence encroach the territory of the better judgment of the doctors or specialists in the field of medicine. Researchers are working day in day out to increase the efficiency of the artificial intelligence in all the fields and have achieved extraordinary consequences. Artificial intelligence has been designed to assist the doctors in reducing the mortality in cases patients awaiting medical assistance from the specialists. The neural network of brain is efficiently imitated by the artificial intelligence resulting in accurate diagnosis of some diseases through the analysis of the diagnostic criteria and spectral information (Fieschi, 2013). The Da Vinci Si HD Surgical System has already created waves with surgical robotics. Such robots are used in delivering minor incisions, reducing the pain of the patient and minimizing the need for medication and reducing hospital stay consequently diminishing the burden of cost of medication. Modernising medicine is a web based treasury of medical insight and information. It helps doctors to search for alternative drug required for particular disorder or medical condition by the database regarding previous medical cases and their remedial medicine. It's a seamless way to decide on the drugs that need to prescribe by the doctor (Bennett Hauser, 2013). The database is huge and includes all the medical details of patients and the treatment they went through prescribed by the doctors. These are homegrown systems in which a medical college of university stores up their data and through the artificial intelligence derives the assistance in the form of suggestions regarding medicines and the treatment that the patient should undergo. This is a revolutionary technology for the doctors as it reduces the diagnosis time and the time required for the doctor to come up with the drug to be prescribed. Through the naked eyes the benefits artificial intelligence provides looks tantalising but through the lens of ethics and morality it become compelling to draw the line between recommending a suggestion to the doctor and making a decision on its own without the final call of the doctor has to be drawn. The benefits cited above are path breaking and deserves appreciation but the implementation of the technology during an operation or surgery without the presence of a doctor still sounds dangerous and risky. Several factors might hinder the efficient performance of the artificial intelligence. The major issue is that the medical databases are not centralised that means if special case arises which might have happened in one part of the world might not have been passed on to the other part of the world. The database has been continuously updated. The lack of the centralised system would hinder the accurate diagnosis and remedy for the special cases (Cohen Feigenbaum, 2014). However, a doctor with his better judgment might have held the treatment and ask for assistance from fellow or senior doctors and come to conclusion. The artificial intelligence might have become intelligent but they still lack the human emotions that highly guide the thought process and instincts of the doctor. The major aspect that surpasses the benefits of the artificial intelligence is the reliability on the dependency on technology that lacks the compassion and subtle sensitiveness that a living doctor would possess while tending a patient that affect the confidence of the patient. What if the technology fails to operate due to technical error: what if the system crashes and consequently the robot create an incision on the wrong side of the body: what if the database falls short and suggests a wrong medicine for the patient. These question needs to address while dealing with the artificial intelligence as no matter how intelligent the technology has become artificially it has not surpassed the natural human intelligence. References Bennett, C. C., Hauser, K. (2013). Artificial intelligence framework for simulating clinical decision-making: A Markov decision process approach. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 57(1), 9-19. Cohen, P. R., Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2014). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Fieschi, M. (2013). Artificial intelligence in medicine: Expert systems. Springer. Nilsson, N. J. (2014). Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.